Probiotics are often celebrated for their positive impact on digestive health, immune support, and overall well-being[1]. These live microorganisms, commonly found in fermented foods like yoghurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and kimchi, as well as in supplement form, are designed to maintain a healthy balance within the gut microbiome[2]. By promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria, probiotics can aid digestion, enhance nutrient absorption, and even alleviate conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and antibiotic-induced diarrhoea[3].
However, while the benefits of probiotics are well-documented, it is important to recognise that they may also cause side effects, especially for those new to supplementation or with specific health conditions. Understanding these potential side effects is crucial for anyone considering incorporating probiotics into their routine.
In this article, we will delve into the common side effects, their possible interactions with medications, and essential factors to remember before adding them to your health regimen.
Common Side Effects of Probiotics
While probiotics are generally well-tolerated by most people, some may experience mild side effects, particularly when they first begin taking them. The following are some of the most commonly reported digestive issues associated with probiotics:
1. Digestive Complaints
Digestive discomfort is the most frequently reported side effect among new users of probiotics. This may include symptoms such as bloating, gas, and stomach cramps, particularly in the initial stages of supplementation.
- • Bloating: A common reaction when starting probiotics is bloating, which occurs as the digestive tract adjusts to introducing new bacteria. This process often increases gas production as the gut microbiome adapts[4].
- • Gas: An increase in flatulence is also common when probiotics begin colonising the intestines. While some level of gas is a normal part of digestion, excessive gas can cause discomfort for many individuals[5].
- • Stomach Cramps: Some people may experience mild stomach cramps or general discomfort as their digestive system becomes accustomed to the new bacterial strains introduced by the probiotics[6].
These short-lived digestive side effects tend to subside within a few days to weeks as the body adapts to the probiotics[7]. However, if symptoms persist or worsen, it may be necessary to adjust the dosage or consult a healthcare professional to determine if probiotics are the right choice for you.
2. Allergic reactions
Although rare, some individuals may experience allergic reactions when taking probiotics. Most of the bacteria used in probiotic supplements are harmless; however, sensitive persons or those allergic to specific strains of the bacteria or certain ingredients used while making it may experience the following adverse effects[8]:
- • Itching
- • Rash or urticaria
- • Mouth, tongue, or throat swelling
- • Breath shortness
If you experience these symptoms after taking any probiotic supplement, stop using them immediately and see your doctor. A review of an ingredient list on any probiotic supplement will do you good in ensuring that it does not contain substances to which you might be allergic.
3. Possible Interference with Drugs
Probiotics can interact with certain medications, particularly antibiotics[9]. While antibiotics are designed to eliminate harmful bacteria, they may also disrupt beneficial gut bacteria that support overall health[10]. Probiotics are often recommended during or after antibiotic treatment to restore healthy gut flora[10]. However, antibiotics may reduce the effectiveness of probiotics containing live bacteria, such as bifidobacteria[9]. To avoid this interaction, it is recommended to take probiotics at least 2 to 3 hours before or after taking antibiotics[9].
Additionally, if you are using probiotics for antibiotic-induced diarrhoea, avoid taking them if you have a high fever or for more than two days unless directed by your doctor, as it may indicate a more serious underlying condition[9].
If you are taking prescription medications like immunosuppressants, consult your healthcare expert before adding probiotics to your routine to prevent unpredictable interactions and ensure the right timing and dosage for your treatment plan[12].
4. Impact on Immune Function
Probiotics are commonly thought to boost the immune system by promoting a balanced gut microbiome, which plays a crucial role in overall immunity[2]. However, probiotics may sometimes have unintended effects on individuals with weakened or compromised immune systems.
For example, people undergoing chemotherapy, transplant recipients, or those with autoimmune disorders may face a heightened risk of infection when taking probiotics. This is due to the presence of live bacteria in probiotic products, which can potentially lead to infections or worsen existing conditions in those with compromised immunity[11]. Although such occurrences are rare, these individuals may be more vulnerable to infections caused by bacteria that are usually harmless to healthy people.
Because of these risks, immunocompromised individuals are strongly advised to consult their healthcare expert before introducing probiotics into their regimen[12]. Professional guidance can help determine if probiotics are safe or appropriate based on their specific health conditions.
Conclusion
While probiotics offer numerous health benefits, such as improved digestion and immune support, it’s important to recognise that they are not without potential side effects. For most individuals, mild digestive discomfort like bloating, gas, or stomach cramps may occur initially but typically resolves as the body adapts. However, those with allergies, compromised immune systems, or who are taking specific medications may face more serious risks, including allergic reactions, infections, or drug interactions.
To ensure the safe and effective use of probiotics, consulting a healthcare provider before starting supplementation is crucial, especially for those with existing health conditions or on medication. Choosing the right strain, monitoring for adverse reactions, and understanding how probiotics may interact with other treatments are key steps in incorporating them safely into your health routine. By taking these precautions, you can better harness the benefits of probiotics while minimising any potential risks.
At Nature’s Fix, you can find probiotic supplements in various forms from various trusted brands, ensuring you have safe and quality options to support your health needs.
FAQs
1. What are the benefits of probiotics for men?
Probiotics for men support digestion, boost nutrient absorption, and strengthen the immune system[1]. Some strains may also promote prostate health and improve overall gut health[17]. Consulting a healthcare expert ensures the right strains are used and side effects are minimised.
2. Is it safe to take probiotics daily?
For most people, taking probiotics daily is safe and beneficial. However, suppose you have a medical condition or are taking medication. In that case, it’s best to consult a healthcare expert to determine the appropriate dosage and strain, ensuring probiotics are safe for long-term use.
3. Can children safely take probiotics?
Probiotics can be safe for children, but it’s essential to consult a paediatrician before introducing them. Children’s bodies may respond differently, and dosage or strain recommendations may vary based on age, health status, and specific needs.
4. Can probiotics cause weight gain or weight loss?
Probiotics do not directly cause weight gain or loss but may influence weight management by improving gut health and metabolism[18]. Some strains have been associated with weight loss, while others may have the opposite effect. Choosing the right strain and consulting a healthcare expert for guidance based on your health goals is important.
References
1 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4045285/
2 – https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/11-super-healthy-probiotic-foods
3 – https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/2/234
4 – https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/probiotics-side-effects
5 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9116469/
6 – https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323821
7 – https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-163888/adult-probiotic-oral/details
8 – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590097824000090
9 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7605891/
10 – https://www.webmd.com/diet/probiotics
11 – https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-790/lactobacillus-acidophilus
12 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730214/
13 – https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-332/saccharomyces-boulardii
14 – https://microbialcellfactories.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12934-024-02449-3
15 – https://www.medicinenet.com/heres_why_men_should_take_probiotics/article.htm
16 – https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/probiotics-and-weight-loss
